Botswana's Elephants Victimized by Political Fighting

A pair of elephants at a watering hole

Botswana is renowned for having the largest elephant population in Africa. According to experts, statistics indicate that the country's elephant population numbers approximately 130,000 which is considered, at this moment, stable. However, in recent months, Botswana's elephants have been suffering immensely in recent months due to ivory poaching. In the past three months, at least 60 elephants have been killed in Botswana's northern region, including Chobe National Park, one of the world's best wildlife destinations. The poachers are specifically targeting the few remaining "big tusker" elephants which have already been hunted to near-extinction. The animals' tusks are being smuggled out of Botswana by organized, heavily-armed, and sophisticated gangs from Zambia who are working for syndicates in and around Lusaka. In Zambia, the tusks are cut into small pieces before being packaged and transported through other African countries and then sent to Asia. Conservation sources asserted that the Botswanan government's wildlife department had been sluggish to react and had not responded "adequately." No arrests had been made so far. Experts further added that aerial surveys of elephant herds in Botswana revealed high volumes of carcasses, which would cause alarm if discovered in other countries. In addition, the total number of elephants killed is higher than 60 due to other carcasses not being found yet.

An elephant family

It is extremely disheartening to hear about elephants being constantly slaughtered left and right by poaching gangs. But what really adds to the frustration is the slow response by Botswana's government as pointed out by Keith Lindsay, a veteran elephant biologist and conservation advisor, and Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) executive director Mary Rice. They have indicated that poaching gangs have been taking advantage of the sluggish governance and enforcement Botswana's spacious wilderness areas for many years. Ms. Rice further added that the country's government deployed restricted wildlife patrols in response and cautioned that most of Tanzania's elephant population elephant population was decimated a decade ago when authorities failed to act against the poachers. The political connection between the plight of Botswana's elephants and the country's role dates back to the end of the presidency of former president Ian Khama, whose second term of office ended in 2018. At the time, hunting was banned in the country but resumed when following the election of Mr. Khama's former ally and deputy, President Mokgweetsi Masisi. The relationship between the two men disintegrated resulting in Mr. Khama currently living in exile in South Africa. According to Christopher Vandome, senior research fellow at Chatham House's African Program, concerns grew as it became clear that President Masisi was not to be Mr. Khama's puppet. In addition, he also refused the former president his demands for special authorizations such as a larger staff and appointing Mr. Khama's brother Tshekedi Khama as vice president. But most importantly, President Masisi reversed a lot of Mr. Khama's conservation policy and efforts in order to further disocciate from the former president. As a result, illegal poaching of Botswana's elephants increased significantly and the current government did not undertake significant measurements in order to mitigate poaching in the country.

Elephant herd on the move

I cannot express in any words about the factors that contributed to the surge in Botswana's elephant mortality rate in recent months. It is extremely outrageous that the current government is paying little attention to the ongoing plight of ivory poaching and not taking any significant action to ensure their protection on the long run. This really goes to show how politics can have a negative impact on wildlife protection and conservation. Botswana, like most African countries, relies on tourism as a source of economy and among its wild places, Chobe National Park is the most biologically diverse making it one of the country's top tourist destinations to see and experience wildlife. Any form of hunting is deemed detrimental to the tourism industry and would result in ecological imbalance. This is especially true in the case of elephants, which play a major role in shaping the landscape. By trampling grasslands, they make room for smaller species to coexist. They also dig dry river beds to create water holes used by other animals when rainfall is low. In addition, they disperse seeds in their dung while travelling vast distances to generate new green growth. 

A lone elephant in a watery habitat

One of the striking features about this news is a statement by research director of the Elephant Crisis Fund Chris Thouless. He warned that the high amounts of elephant carcasses could be a natural phenomenon. He further added that there is no strong evidence that the elephants died as a result of poaching. I strongly believe that a great deal of research and studying needs to be implemented in order to better understand Botswana's elephant mortality rate. This means collecting biological samples and running scientific tests in order to fully determine whether elephants died as a result of just poaching or some kind of natural circumstance. In addition, quantitative figures need to be determined in order to get a clear and accurate picture of what percentage of Botswana's elephants died from poaching and what percentage died of some natural phenomenon. I think if one comes across an elephant carcass that has been completely emptied of tusks, it should not be assumed that elephant was killed by poachers. A thorough examination of the carcass needs to be conducted to see if any bullets are present inside the body. Furthermore, samples should be collected and closely studied to determine whether the animal died as a result of poisoning or some other natural or unnatural cause. Conducting scientific research can greatly help understand Botswana's elephant mortality and also provide information in implementing steps to prevent further deaths. However, such measurements require also political will and I strongly urge the government of Botswana to change its approach in protecting the country's elephants and wildlife. This includes improvising its policies regarding conservation and deploying more personnel in patrolling the wilderness areas to combat poaching.